The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Doctor Faustus, a play by Christopher Marlowe, 1604, England is the first reference I found for Doctor Faustus.

Here is the basic premise from an early Faust play...
The Devil asked Dr. Faustus to reveal his will, to which the scholar replied that he was willing to enter into a pact.

The Devil, for his part, would agree:

1.  to serve Dr. Faustus for as long as he should live,
2.  to provide Dr. Faustus with whatever information he might      request, and
3.  never to utter an untruth to Dr. Faustus.

The Devil agreed to these particulars, on the condition that Dr. Faustus would promise:

1.  at the expiration of twenty-four years to surrender his body and      soul to the Devil,
2.  to confirm the pact with a signature written in his own blood,      and
3.  to renounce his Christian faith.

Having reached an agreement, the pact was drawn up, and Dr. Faustus formalized it with his own blood.